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.NET[C#]使用HTTPWebrequest (multipart/form-data)向远程服务器发送文件的实现方式归纳

13030 发布于: 2017-12-29 读完约需33分钟

前言

.NET[C#]中对于上传有很多方式,也有很多第三方组件,比如:RestSharp,那么如何使用HttpWebRequest进行文件的发送呢?

方式一

public static string UploadFilesToRemoteUrl(string url, string[] files, NameValueCollection formFields = null)
{
    string boundary = "----------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");

    HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest) WebRequest.Create(url);
    request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" +
                            boundary;
    request.Method = "POST";
    request.KeepAlive = true;

    Stream memStream = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

    var boundarybytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" +
                                                            boundary + "\r\n");
    var endBoundaryBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" +
                                                                boundary + "--");


    string formdataTemplate = "\r\n--" + boundary +
                                "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\";\r\n\r\n{1}";

    if (formFields != null)
    {
        foreach (string key in formFields.Keys)
        {
            string formitem = string.Format(formdataTemplate, key, formFields[key]);
            byte[] formitembytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formitem);
            memStream.Write(formitembytes, 0, formitembytes.Length);
        }
    }

    string headerTemplate =
        "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\n" +
        "Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n";

    for (int i = 0; i < files.Length; i++)
    {
        memStream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
        var header = string.Format(headerTemplate, "uplTheFile", files[i]);
        var headerbytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);

        memStream.Write(headerbytes, 0, headerbytes.Length);

        using (var fileStream = new FileStream(files[i], FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
        {
            var buffer = new byte[1024];
            var bytesRead = 0;
            while ((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
            {
                memStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            }
        }
    }

    memStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length);
    request.ContentLength = memStream.Length;

    using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
    {
        memStream.Position = 0;
        byte[] tempBuffer = new byte[memStream.Length];
        memStream.Read(tempBuffer, 0, tempBuffer.Length);
        memStream.Close();
        requestStream.Write(tempBuffer, 0, tempBuffer.Length);
    }

    using (var response = request.GetResponse())
    {
        Stream stream2 = response.GetResponseStream();
        StreamReader reader2 = new StreamReader(stream2);
        return reader2.ReadToEnd();
    }
}

方式二

// Perform the equivalent of posting a form with a filename and two files, in HTML:
// <form action="{url}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
//     <input type="text" name="filename" />
//     <input type="file" name="file1" />
//     <input type="file" name="file2" />
// </form>
private System.IO.Stream Upload(string url, string filename, Stream fileStream, byte [] fileBytes)
{
    // Convert each of the three inputs into HttpContent objects

    HttpContent stringContent = new StringContent(filename);
    // examples of converting both Stream and byte [] to HttpContent objects
    // representing input type file
    HttpContent fileStreamContent = new StreamContent(fileStream);
    HttpContent bytesContent = new ByteArrayContent(fileBytes);

    // Submit the form using HttpClient and 
    // create form data as Multipart (enctype="multipart/form-data")

    using (var client = new HttpClient())
    using (var formData = new MultipartFormDataContent()) 
    {
        // Add the HttpContent objects to the form data

        // <input type="text" name="filename" />
        formData.Add(stringContent, "filename", "filename");
        // <input type="file" name="file1" />
        formData.Add(fileStreamContent, "file1", "file1");
        // <input type="file" name="file2" />
        formData.Add(bytesContent, "file2", "file2");

        // Invoke the request to the server

        // equivalent to pressing the submit button on
        // a form with attributes (action="{url}" method="post")
        var response = client.PostAsync(url, formData).Result;

        // ensure the request was a success
        if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            return null;
        }
        return response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().Result;
    }
}

方式三

public class FormFile 
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string ContentType { get; set; }

    public string FilePath { get; set; }

    public Stream Stream { get; set; }
}

public class RequestHelper
{

    public static string PostMultipart(string url, Dictionary<string, object> parameters) {

        string boundary = "---------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
        byte[] boundaryBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");

        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
        request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
        request.Method = "POST";
        request.KeepAlive = true;
        request.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

        if(parameters != null && parameters.Count > 0) {

            using(Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream()) {

                foreach(KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in parameters) {

                    requestStream.Write(boundaryBytes, 0, boundaryBytes.Length);
                    if(pair.Value is FormFile) {
                        FormFile file = pair.Value as FormFile;
                        string header = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + pair.Key + "\"; filename=\"" + file.Name + "\"\r\nContent-Type: " + file.ContentType + "\r\n\r\n";
                        byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
                        requestStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[32768];
                        int bytesRead;
                        if(file.Stream == null) {
                            // upload from file
                            using(FileStream fileStream = File.OpenRead(file.FilePath)) {
                                while((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
                                    requestStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                                fileStream.Close();
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            // upload from given stream
                            while((bytesRead = file.Stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
                                requestStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        string data = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + pair.Key + "\"\r\n\r\n" + pair.Value;
                        byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
                        requestStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
                    }
                }

                byte[] trailer = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");
                requestStream.Write(trailer, 0, trailer.Length);
                requestStream.Close();
            }
        }

        using(WebResponse response = request.GetResponse()) {
            using(Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            using(StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))
                return reader.ReadToEnd();
        }


    }
}

//调用方式

RequestHelper.PostMultipart(
    "http://www.myserver.com/upload.php", 
    new Dictionary<string, object>() {
        { "testparam", "my value" },
        { "file", new FormFile() { Name = "image.jpg", ContentType = "image/jpeg", FilePath = "c:\\temp\\myniceimage.jpg" } },
        { "other_file", new FormFile() { Name = "image2.jpg", ContentType = "image/jpeg", Stream = imageDataStream } },
    });

方式四

public static void HttpUploadFile(string url, string[] file, string[] paramName, string[] contentType, NameValueCollection nvc, NameValueCollection headerItems)
{
    //log.Debug(string.Format("Uploading {0} to {1}", file, url));
    string boundary = "---------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
    byte[] boundarybytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");

    HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

    foreach (string key in headerItems.Keys)
    {
        if (key == "Referer")
        {
            wr.Referer = headerItems[key];
        }
        else
        {
            wr.Headers.Add(key, headerItems[key]);
        }
    }

    wr.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
    wr.Method = "POST";
    wr.KeepAlive = true;
    wr.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

    Stream rs = wr.GetRequestStream();

    string formdataTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}";
    foreach (string key in nvc.Keys)
    {
        rs.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
        string formitem = string.Format(formdataTemplate, key, nvc[key]);
        byte[] formitembytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formitem);
        rs.Write(formitembytes, 0, formitembytes.Length);
    }
    rs.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);

    string headerTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: {2}\r\n\r\n";
    string header = "";

    for(int i =0; i<file.Count();i++)
    {
        header = string.Format(headerTemplate, paramName[i], System.IO.Path.GetFileName(file[i]), contentType[i]);
        byte[] headerbytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
        rs.Write(headerbytes, 0, headerbytes.Length);

        FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(file[i], FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        while ((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
        {
            rs.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        fileStream.Close();
        rs.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
    }
    rs.Close();

    WebResponse wresp = null;
    try
    {
        wresp = wr.GetResponse();
        Stream stream2 = wresp.GetResponseStream();
        StreamReader reader2 = new StreamReader(stream2);
        //log.Debug(string.Format("File uploaded, server response is: {0}", reader2.ReadToEnd()));
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        //log.Error("Error uploading file", ex);
            wresp.Close();
            wresp = null;
    }
    finally
    {
        wr = null;
    }
}

//调用方式
NameValueCollection headers = new NameValueCollection();
headers.Add("Cookie", "name=value;");
headers.Add("Referer", "http://google.com");
NameValueCollection nvc = new NameValueCollection();
nvc.Add("name", "value");
HttpUploadFile(url, new string[] { "c:\\file1.txt", "c:\\file2.jpg" }, new string[] { "file", "image" }, new string[] { "application/octet-stream", "image/jpeg" }, nvc, headers);

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