[ASP.NET Core]ASP.NET Core应用程序开发中如何将Razor视图渲染/输出成字符串？

问题描述

如题，在ASP.NET Core应用程序开发中如何将Razor视图渲染成字符串呢？

方案一

在ASP.NET Core中，没有内置将Razor视图直接转渲染成字符串的方法，我们需要自已来实现，下面提供一种将Razor视图渲染成字符串的实现类。

ViewRenderService.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures;
using System;
using System.IO;

namespace LibraryApi.Services
{
    public class ViewRenderService
    {
        IRazorViewEngine _viewEngine;
        IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

        public ViewRenderService(IRazorViewEngine viewEngine, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
        {
            _viewEngine = viewEngine;
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
        }

        public string Render(string viewPath)
        {
            return Render(viewPath, string.Empty);
        }

        public string Render<TModel>(string viewPath, TModel model)
        {
            var viewEngineResult = _viewEngine.GetView("~/", viewPath, false);

            if (!viewEngineResult.Success)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Couldn't find view {viewPath}");
            }

            var view = viewEngineResult.View;

            using (var output = new StringWriter())
            {
                var viewContext = new ViewContext();
                viewContext.HttpContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
                viewContext.ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary<TModel>(new EmptyModelMetadataProvider(), new ModelStateDictionary())
                { Model = model };
                viewContext.Writer = output;

                view.RenderAsync(viewContext).GetAwaiter().GetResult();

                return output.ToString();
            }
        }
    }
}

在启动类Startup.cs中注册ViewRenderService和HttpContextAccessor，如下：

services.AddTransient<ViewRenderService>();
services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();

控制器使用示例：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using LibraryApi.Services;
using System.Dynamic;

namespace LibraryApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class ValuesController : Controller
    {
        ILogger<ValuesController> _logger;
        ViewRenderService _viewRender;
        public ValuesController(ILogger<ValuesController> logger, ViewRenderService viewRender)
        {
            _logger = logger;
            _viewRender = viewRender;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public string Get()
        {
            dynamic x = new ExpandoObject();
            x.Test = "Yes";
            var viewWithViewModel = _viewRender.Render("eNotify/Confirm.cshtml", x);
            var viewWithoutViewModel = _viewRender.Render("MyFeature/Test.cshtml");
            return viewWithViewModel + viewWithoutViewModel;
        }
    }
}

方案二

使用第三方库：RazorLight，这个库实现了将Razor渲染成字符串的方法，用法非常简单，如：

string content = "Hello @Model.Name. Welcome to @Model.Title repository";

var model = new
{
  Name = "John Doe",
  Title = "RazorLight"
};

var engine = new RazorLightEngine();
string result = engine.ParseString(content, model);

输出结果: Hello John Doe, Welcome to RazorLight repository