.NET(C#)使用Serialize、Deserialize序列和反序列化XML文档--XML文件转换为Object

本文给大家分享一下C#操作（读取、写入）XML文档的实用方法，即用.NET本身提供的Deserialize和Serialize进行反序列化和序列化XML文档。这种方法主要是对比较规范的XML文档进行操作，因为它（XML文档）和类对象是严格对应的，否则在反序列或序列化的时候会出现错误。其他的不用多说，直接看示例代码吧：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace XmlDemo
{
  public class Program
  {
    private static readonly string _xmlPath = @"D:books.xml";
    private static readonly string _xmlSinglePath = @"D:book.xml";
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("请按任意键写入XML文件[Single]...");
      Console.ReadKey();
      WriteSingleXml();
      Console.WriteLine("请按任意键读取XML文件[Single]...");
      Console.ReadKey();
      ReadSingleXml();
      Console.WriteLine("请按任意键写XML文件[List]...");
      Console.ReadKey();
      WriteListXml();
      Console.WriteLine("请按任意键读取XML文件[List]...");
      Console.ReadKey();
      ReadListXml();
      Console.ReadKey();
    }

    static void ReadSingleXml()
    {
      Book book;
      var reader = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));
      using (var fs = File.OpenRead(_xmlSinglePath))
      {
        book = reader.Deserialize(fs) as Book;
      }

      Console.WriteLine("Id:{0}", book.Id);
      Console.WriteLine("Name:{0}", book.Name);
      Console.WriteLine("Author:{0}", book.Author);
      Console.WriteLine("Price:{0}", book.Price);
      Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
    }
    static void WriteSingleXml()
    {
      Book book = new Book { Id = 1, Author = "Lampo", Name = "C# Design pattern", Price = 55.8D };
      var reader = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));
      using (var fs = File.OpenWrite(_xmlSinglePath))
      {
        reader.Serialize(fs, book);
      }
    }

    static void ReadListXml()
    {
      List<Book> books;
      var reader = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Book>));
      using (var fs = File.OpenRead(_xmlPath))
      {
        books = reader.Deserialize(fs) as List<Book>;
      }
      books.ForEach(x =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Id:{0}", x.Id);
        Console.WriteLine("Name:{0}", x.Name);
        Console.WriteLine("Author:{0}", x.Author);
        Console.WriteLine("Price:{0}", x.Price);
        Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
      });
    }

    static void WriteListXml()
    {
      List<Book> books = new List<Book>();
      for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
      {
        books.Add(new Book { Id = i, Author = "Author " + i, Name = "Name " + i, Price = i * 5.0 });
      }
      var reader = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Book>));
      using (var fs = File.OpenWrite(_xmlPath))
      {
        reader.Serialize(fs, books);
      }
    }
  }

  [Serializable]
  public class Book
  {
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Author { get; set; }
    public double Price { get; set; }
  }
}

运行结果如图： 生成的XML文档：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Book xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Id>1</Id>
  <Name>C# Design pattern</Name>
  <Author>Lampo</Author>
  <Price>55.8</Price>
</Book>