本文我们来学习一下在Entity Framework中使用Context删除多对多关系的实体是如何来实现的。我们将以一个具体的控制台小实例来了解和学习整个实现Entity Framework 多对多关系的实体删除的操作过程。
通过本文你将学习到:
- 怎样创建一个引用Entity Framework的项目;
- 怎样配置Entity Framework的数据库连接;
- 怎样去掉Entity Framework Code First 生成的表名的复数;
- 怎样通过EntityTypeConfiguartion<T>配置实体的Fluent API ;
- 怎样配置Entity Framework的实体多对多的关系映射;
- Entity Framework数据初始化;
- 怎样使用包管理工具控制台来生成和更新数据库;
- 怎么删除Entity Framework中的多对多关系的数据。
本示例开发环境:
操作系统:Windows 10 开发工具及版本:Visual Studio 2015 Update 1 .NET Framework版本:.NET Framework 4.6 程序输出方式:控制台应用程序一、创建项目
首先,我们创建一个控制台应用程序,取名为:EFRemoveManyToManyDemo 接着打开程序包管理工具,安装必须的EntityFramework引用包,如下: 安装好Entity Framework包之后 ,我们先创建本示例需要的两个实体对应的类:User和Role(都放在Model的文件夹下),如下: User.csusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model { public class User { public User() { Roles = new HashSet<Role>(); } public int Id { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public DateTime? CreatedOn { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Role> Roles { get; set; } } }Role.cs
using System.Collections.Generic; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model { public class Role { public Role() { this.Users = new HashSet<User>(); } public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<User> Users { get; set; } } }为了配置Fluent API,新建一个Mapping文件夹,再分别创建User的配置文件UserConfigurationMapping和Role的配置文件RoleConfigurationMapping,如下: UserConfiguration.cs
using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Mapping { public class UserConfigurationMapping : EntityTypeConfiguration<User> { public UserConfigurationMapping() { Property(x => x.FirstName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); Property(x => x.LastName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); } } }RoleConfigurationMapping.cs
using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Mapping { public class RoleConfigurationMapping : EntityTypeConfiguration<Role> { public RoleConfigurationMapping() { HasKey(x => x.Id); Property(x => x.Name).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); HasMany(x => x.Users) .WithMany(x => x.Roles) .Map(m => { m.MapLeftKey("RoleId"); m.MapRightKey("UserId"); m.ToTable("LNK_User_Role"); }); } } }接下来,我们再创建一个名为:ManyToManyRemoveContext的类,该类继承至DbContext类,用于管理数据库的连接上下文和数据库初始化等的一些配置和操作,如下:
using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Mapping; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo { public class ManyToManyRemoveContext : DbContext { public ManyToManyRemoveContext() : base("ManyToManyRemoveContext") { } } }再在App.config配置文件中添加本地的数据库连接字符串,大致如下(具体的请根据你的实际数据连接参数来):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <configSections> <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --> <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" /> </configSections> <startup> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6" /> </startup> <connectionStrings> <add name="ManyToManyRemoveContext" connectionString="server=你的数据库服务器地址;database=ManyToManyRemoveDemo;uid=你的数据库登录名;pwd=密码" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/> </connectionStrings> <entityFramework> <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework"> <parameters> <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" /> </parameters> </defaultConnectionFactory> <providers> <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> </providers> </entityFramework> </configuration>为了将我们刚才写的Fluent API应用到对应的实体上,所以我们需要重写(override)DbContext的OnModelCreating方法,如下:
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>(); modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfigurationMapping()); modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new RoleConfigurationMapping()); }其中
modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();是将Entity Framework Code First在实体类生成对应表时去掉表名的复数用的。简单地说就是,默认情况下,Entity Framework Code First在由实体类生成对应表时的表名是复数形式的,比如本例的User和Role类,如果没有这句配置,在生成表名的时候将会是Users和Roles这两个表名,反之,则是User和Role这两个表名。 好了,下面贴出完整的ManyToManyRemoveContext.cs文件的代码:
using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Mapping; using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo { public class ManyToManyRemoveContext : DbContext { public ManyToManyRemoveContext() : base("ManyToManyRemoveContext") { } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>(); modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfigurationMapping()); modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new RoleConfigurationMapping()); } public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; } public DbSet<Role> Roles { get; set; } } }本文写到这里,关于Entity Framework的引用,实体类的声明和Fluent API配置以及与数据库连接等操作都已完成了。接下来我们要做的是利用Entity Framework所实体生成到配置好的数据库中。在接下来的过程中,我们会用到包管理控制台(Package Manager Console)和三个命令:
1.Enable-Migrations
命令使用方式如下图: 运行以上命令后,Entity Framework会自动在我们的项目中创建一个名为Migrations的文件夹,同时生成一个Configuartion.cs的配置文件。这时的项目结构大致是这样的: 生成好的Configuration.cs的文件是这样的:namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Migrations { using Model; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.Entity.Migrations; using System.Linq; internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<ManyToManyRemoveContext> { public Configuration() { AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false; } protected override void Seed(ManyToManyRemoveContext context) { } } }这里,我需要在生成数据库和表的时候添加一些初始数据到表中,我们就可以在Seed方法中来进行,如下:
namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Migrations { using Model; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.Entity.Migrations; using System.Linq; internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<ManyToManyRemoveContext> { public Configuration() { AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false; } protected override void Seed(ManyToManyRemoveContext context) { var roles = new List<Role> { new Role{ Id=1,Name="超级管理员" }, new Role{ Id=2,Name="管理员" }, new Role{ Id=3,Name="一般用户" } }; var users = new List<User> { new User {Id=1,FirstName="Kobe",LastName="Bryant",CreatedOn=DateTime.Now,Roles=roles }, new User {Id=2,FirstName="Chris",LastName="Paul",CreatedOn=DateTime.Now,Roles=roles.Where(x=>x.Id==2).ToList() }, new User {Id=3,FirstName="Jerimy",LastName="Lin",CreatedOn=DateTime.Now,Roles=roles.Take(2).ToList() } }; } } }完成第一个命令和数据初始化配置后,我们进行第二个命令。
2.Add-Migration Init -Verbose
执行此命令后,会在Migrations的文件夹中自动生成一个形如:时间戳_Init.cs的数据迁移文件,如本例生成的是201512040507219_Init.cs这样一个文件名,其中Init是我们指定的本次数据迁移的版本名称,文件中的内容如下:namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Migrations { using System; using System.Data.Entity.Migrations; public partial class Init : DbMigration { public override void Up() { CreateTable( "dbo.Role", c => new { Id = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true), Name = c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 50), }) .PrimaryKey(t => t.Id); CreateTable( "dbo.User", c => new { Id = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true), FirstName = c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 50), LastName = c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 50), CreatedOn = c.DateTime(), }) .PrimaryKey(t => t.Id); CreateTable( "dbo.LNK_User_Role", c => new { RoleId = c.Int(nullable: false), UserId = c.Int(nullable: false), }) .PrimaryKey(t => new { t.RoleId, t.UserId }) .ForeignKey("dbo.Role", t => t.RoleId, cascadeDelete: true) .ForeignKey("dbo.User", t => t.UserId, cascadeDelete: true) .Index(t => t.RoleId) .Index(t => t.UserId); } public override void Down() { DropForeignKey("dbo.LNK_User_Role", "UserId", "dbo.User"); DropForeignKey("dbo.LNK_User_Role", "RoleId", "dbo.Role"); DropIndex("dbo.LNK_User_Role", new[] { "UserId" }); DropIndex("dbo.LNK_User_Role", new[] { "RoleId" }); DropTable("dbo.LNK_User_Role"); DropTable("dbo.User"); DropTable("dbo.Role"); } } }我们可以通过这个文件中的内容看到,有Up()和Down()这两个方法,Up()方法要执行的其实就是本次数据迁移要对数据进行的操作,而Down()方法则是在以后我们如果要退回到此版本应该执行的操作。 经过以上两个命令,如你迫不及待地要去数据库管理工具中查看有一个名叫:ManyToManyRemoveDemo的数据库是否已生成,那么很遗憾地告诉你,还没有。这时,我们还得执行最后一个命令来生成数据库和实体对应的表。
3.Update-Database -Verbose
执行以上命令,我们这时再打开数据库管理工具。没错ManyToManyRemoveDemo就在那里。再查看表是否成功生成呢,再检查一下表中是否有我们初始化的数据呢,没错,这些都是可以有的。怎么样,惊喜吧,欢呼吧,我们做到了!!! 但还没完,请先回复平静,这还只是一个开始。Entity Framework还可以做得更多,我们需要学习的也还有很多,编程的道路从来就不是一步到位的,得有个过程。一步一步往下看吧。 打开我们项目的Program.cs文件。首先,我们来查询(Query)一下数据库中的数据,如下:static void Main(string[] args) { Query(); ReadKey(); } static void Query() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var users = cxt.Users.ToList(); users.ForEach(x => { WriteLine("User First Name:{0},Last Name:{1},Create On:{2}\n |__Roles:{3}", x.FirstName, x.LastName, x.CreatedOn, string.Join(",", x.Roles.Select(r => r.Name))); }); } }运行结果如图: 再来更新一条数据库中的数据怎么样,如下:
static void Main(string[] args) { Update(); Query(); ReadKey(); } static void Query() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var users = cxt.Users.ToList(); users.ForEach(x => { WriteLine("User First Name:{0},Last Name:{1},Create On:{2}\n |__Roles:{3}", x.FirstName, x.LastName, x.CreatedOn, string.Join(",", x.Roles.Select(r => r.Name))); }); } } static void Update() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x=>x.Id==3); user.FirstName = "ShuHao"; cxt.SaveChanges(); } }运行结果如我们所料,如图: Id为3的User的FirstName已经从数据库更新了。同样的,我们要完成删除操作也比较简,如下:
static void Remove() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x=>x.Id==2); cxt.Users.Remove(user); cxt.SaveChanges(); } }就不再贴图了。最后是添加操作,向User表添加一个用户并分配一个Id为1的角色,代码如下:
static void Add() { List<Role> roles; using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { roles = cxt.Roles.ToList(); cxt.Users.Add(new User { Id = 4, FirstName = "Console", LastName = "App", CreatedOn = DateTime.Now, Roles = roles.Where(x => x.Id == 1).ToList() }); } }好了,以上是对User(用户实体)进行简单的增、删、改、查的操作,那么我们要实现多对多的删除操作呢?也就是删除用户的同时删除其对应的角色,实现的代码如下:
static void RemoveManyToMany() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1); var roles = new List<Role>(); roles.AddRange(user.Roles.Select(x => x)); foreach (var role in roles) { user.Roles.Remove(role); } cxt.Users.Remove(user); cxt.SaveChanges(); } }运行结果如图: 好了,最后把Program.cs这个测试文件贴上来,供参考:
using EFRemoveManyToManyDemo.Model; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using static System.Console; namespace EFRemoveManyToManyDemo { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //Update(); WriteLine("Before many to many removed"); Query(); RemoveManyToMany(); WriteLine("After many to many removed"); Query(); ReadKey(); } static void Query() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var users = cxt.Users.ToList(); users.ForEach(x => { WriteLine("User First Name:{0},Last Name:{1},Create On:{2}\n |__Roles:{3}", x.FirstName, x.LastName, x.CreatedOn, string.Join(",", x.Roles.Select(r => r.Name))); }); } } static void Add() { List<Role> roles; using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { roles = cxt.Roles.ToList(); cxt.Users.Add(new User { Id = 4, FirstName = "Console", LastName = "App", CreatedOn = DateTime.Now, Roles = roles.Where(x => x.Id == 1).ToList() }); } } static void Update() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 3); user.FirstName = "ShuHao"; cxt.SaveChanges(); } } static void Remove() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 2); cxt.Users.Remove(user); cxt.SaveChanges(); } } static void RemoveManyToMany() { using (var cxt = new ManyToManyRemoveContext()) { var user = cxt.Users.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1); var roles = new List<Role>(); roles.AddRange(user.Roles.Select(x => x)); foreach (var role in roles) { user.Roles.Remove(role); } cxt.Users.Remove(user); cxt.SaveChanges(); } } } }如果需要完整的示例源码,请点击==>>[C#/.NET]Entity Framework(EF) Code First 多对多关系的实体增,删,改,查操作全程详细示例源码
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