[聚合文章] .NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署

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.Net 2018-01-09 17 阅读
原文链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/sheng-jie/p/8249660.html

.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose
.NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署
GitHub-Demo：Docker.NetCore.MySql

1. 引言

上两节我们通过简单的demo学习了docker的基本操作。这一节我们来一个进阶学习，完成ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx的容器化部署。

本文是基于CentOS 7.4环境进行演示，示例项目可以访问Docker.NetCore.MySql进行下载。

2. Hello MySQL

同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于Docker来试玩一下MySQL。

2.1. 创建MySql实例

//拉取mysql镜像 docker pull mysql$ docker images$REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/mysql                      latest              7d83a47ab2d2        13 days ago         408.2 MB//创建一个mysql实例$ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql$ docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS          NAMESe21bbd84e0b5        mysql      "docker-entrypoint.sh"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        3306/tcp        hello.mysql

下面我们直接在容器中连接到我们刚刚创建的mysql数据库：

$ docker exec -it hello.mysql \> mysql -uroot -p123456mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || sys                |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.2. 挂载数据卷

上面创建的mysql实例其数据都在容器内部存储，这样就暴露了一个问题，如果容器销毁，那么对应的数据库数据就会丢失。那如何持久化存储容器内数据呢？我们可以通过挂载数据卷的方式来解决这一问题。

//创建数据卷$ docker volume create --name hello.dbhello.db//查看数据卷信息$ docker volume inspect hello.db[    {        "Name": "hello.db",        "Driver": "local",        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data",        "Labels": {},        "Scope": "local"    }]// 挂载数据卷启动MySql实例$ docker run --name hello.mysql \> -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql \> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

上面是使用使用了docker volume create命令创建了一个数据卷，当然我们也可以自行挂载某个目录作为数据卷。

3. 准备.NET Core+EFCore+MySql项目

为了演示方便，我准备了一个ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql的示例项目。其结构如下所示：
示例项目结构
是基于.NET Core Mvc模板项目，其中定义了一个Product实体，并通过ProductsController暴露WebApi接口。核心代码如下：

Product实体类：

public class Product{    public int ProductId { get; set; }    public string Name { get; set; }    public decimal Price { get; set; }    public int StockQty { get; set; }}

DbContext类：

public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext{    public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions<MySqlDbContext> options)        : base(options)    {    }    public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }}

数据库初始化类：

public class DbInitializer{    public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context)    {        context.Database.EnsureCreated();        if (context.Products.Any())        {            return;        }        var products = new Product[]        {            new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 },            new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,StockQty=10 },            new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,StockQty=10 },            new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 }        };        context.Products.AddRange(products);        context.SaveChanges();    }}

该数据库初始化类会在项目启动时运行。详细代码可参考Docker.NetCore.MySql。

4. 基于示例项目进行实操演练

4.1 安装Git并Clone示例项目

$ yum install git$ git --versiongit version 1.8.3.1$ cd ~/demo$ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql.gitCloning into 'Docker.NetCore.MySql'...remote: Counting objects: 155, done.remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125), done.remote: Total 155 (delta 42), reused 123 (delta 25), pack-reused 0Receiving objects: 100% (155/155), 534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s, done.Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42), done.

4.2. 构建镜像

细心的你会发现，项目中已经定义了Dockerfile，所以我们可以直接使用docker build构建镜像。

# cd Docker.NetCore.MySql[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# lsappsettings.Development.json  docker-compose.yml           Program.cs             Viewsappsettings.json              Dockerfile                   proxy.conf             wwwrootbundleconfig.json             Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj  README.mdControllers                   LICENSE                      ScaffoldingReadMe.txtData                          Models                       Startup.cs//构建镜像# docker build -t docker.netcore.mysql .Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MBStep 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258ebStep 2 : WORKDIR /app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278cStep 3 : COPY . /app ---> 6b1bf8bb5261Removing intermediate container b86460477977Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb  Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...  Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.  .....  Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> 4df70c77916eRemoving intermediate container 4e0a46f762bbStep 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e ---> 3506253060feRemoving intermediate container 11b421b3bd3eStep 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in 201aabbab72c ---> 7f29963a8d96Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72cStep 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in c79f73cba162 ---> 9d1fb6ee46cbRemoving intermediate container c79f73cba162Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker images docker.netcore.mysqlREPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.netcore.mysql   latest              9d1fb6ee46cb        13 seconds ago      1.756 GB

4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库

docker提供了--link参数用于在容器之间建立连接。下面我们实例化创建的镜像docker.netcore.mysql并命名容器名为hello.netcore.mysql，并使用--link参数与我们文章开头建立的hello.mysql容器建立连接。

# docker run --name hello.netcore.mysql --link hello.mysql:db -d -p 5000:5000 docker.netcore.mysql

这里需要特别注意一下--link=hello.mysql:db，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用hello.mysql容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在hello.netcore.mysql这个容器中就可以使用db来作为提供mysql数据库服务的服务器。这也就是为什么我们.NET Core项目中连接字符串设置为server=db;的原因。
"ConnectionStrings": { "MySql": "server=db;database=MySqlDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;" }

//查看运行中容器列表# docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES5cbfd27ebe2a        docker.netcore.mysql   "dotnet run"             2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   hello.netcore.mysql4dfa4159b669        mysql                  "docker-entrypoint.sh"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    3306/tcp                 hello.mysql//访问api/products[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]

从上图可知，我们完成了.NET Core与MySql的连接。

5. ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx

结合上一篇文章.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose，我们来使用docker-compose完成asp.net core + mysql + nginx的多容器部署。

5.1. 定义 docker-compose.yml

version: '2'services:  db:    container_name: hello.db    environment:      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456  volumes:    - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql  web:    container_name: hello.web    build: .    depends_on:      - db    links:      - db    reverse-proxy:    container_name: hello.proxy    image: nginx    depends_on:      - web    ports:      - "9090:8080"    volumes:      - ./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

其中定义了三个服务：

  1. db：使用mysql镜像，并挂载当前项目下的mysql文件夹来持久化存储。
  2. web：基于当前项目构建的容器服务，依赖于db服务。

  3. reverse-proxy：使用nginx定义反向代理服务，其中挂载了当前项目下的proxy.conf文件作为反向代理配置文件。其中proxy.conf的配置如下（注意proxy_pass指定的url为http://web:5000)：

    server {listen 8080;location / {    proxy_pass http://web:5000;}}

5.2. 启动Compose

在启动Compose之前，建议清空上面创建的容器。也可以使用docker rm $(docker ps -qa)清除所有容器。

//启动compose[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -dCreating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driverBuilding webStep 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258ebStep 2 : WORKDIR /app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278cStep 3 : COPY . /app ---> d41b32323c0fRemoving intermediate container 1259f5fb82bcStep 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in d482e355de77  Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...  Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.  .....  Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> a0658008f161Removing intermediate container d482e355de77Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e ---> a419314ece08Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5eStep 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in c1d1474b14a0 ---> 9cc13c549042Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in efdf0e857a84 ---> 830ac11428cfRemoving intermediate container efdf0e857a84Successfully built 830ac11428cfCreating hello.db ... doneCreating hello.web ... doneCreating hello.proxy ... doneCreating hello.web ...Creating hello.proxy ...[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                            NAMES6253bf85682e        nginx                    "nginx -g 'daemon off"   33 seconds ago      Up 28 seconds       80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp   hello.proxyea553a9e22f2        dockernetcoremysql_web   "dotnet run"             37 seconds ago      Up 32 seconds       5000/tcp                         hello.weba1f5aa981bfb        mysql                    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   38 seconds ago      Up 36 seconds       3306/tcp                         hello.db[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps   Name                 Command             State               Ports----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hello.db      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Up      3306/tcphello.proxy   nginx -g daemon off;          Up      80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcphello.web     dotnet run                    Up      5000/tcp[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]

上面的运行结果显示，我们已经成功完成了ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx的多容器应用部署。通过浏览器访问http:<ipaddress>:9090/api/products即可访问我们暴露的api。

5.3. 数据库验证

我们来验证一下数据库是否成功创建：

[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysqlauto.cnf         client-key.pem         ib_logfile0  performance_schema  server-key.pemca-key.pem       MySqlDbContext  ib_logfile1  private_key.pem     sysca.pem           ib_buffer_pool         ibtmp1       public_key.pemclient-cert.pem  ibdata1                mysql        server-cert.pem[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+-----------------------+| Database              |+-----------------------+| information_schema    || MySqlDbContext  || mysql                 || performance_schema    || sys                   |+-----------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use MySqlDbContext;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> show tables;+---------------------------------+| Tables_in_MySqlDbContext |+---------------------------------+| Products                        |+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from Products;+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+| ProductId | Name          | Price                               | StockQty |+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+|         1 | iphone 6      | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 ||         2 | iphone 7      | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 ||         3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 ||         4 | iphone x      | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 |+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从上面的运行结果可知，我们成功将项目文件夹下的mysql文件夹挂载到容器内部进行数据持久化。

6. 最后

本文通过先介绍如何基于Docker实例化MySQL容器，再介绍如何通过挂载数据卷来持久化MySQL数据，以及如何使用--Link参数进行容器之间的连接，完成了.NET Core连接MySQL数据库。
最后，使用Docker-Compose综合ASP.NET Core+MySQL+Nginx完成了容器化部署。

下一节我们来介绍下如何使用Docker-Swarm进行集群部署。

7. 参考资料

mysql -Docker Documentation
Hello Docker
.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose

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